Night Vision & Eye Rods & Cones Bowmaker J.K. and Dartnall H.J.A. (1980). "Visual pigments of rods and cones in a human retina". M.R.C. Vision Unit, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, Sussex. J. Physiol. 298: 501–511, 1980 Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Color Selection Eye Focal Points Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Read Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Contrast • Rods – Let us see monochrome images – Very sensitive to brightness – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision • So much for BLUE Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Contrast & Transparent Windows • Rods • Hello – Let us see monochrome images • I am transparent – Very sensitive to brightness • Are your overloaded yet – Saturate in bright light need time to recover (~ 15 min) – Let us see at night • Cones – Let us see in color – Less sensitive than rods • Red light does not stimulate Rods – Red maintains night vision & allows some cone vision • So much for BLUE Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Field Of View & Eye Rod Cone Distribution 3 2 Density 10 (mm ) Cone Distribution B------R--G--R------B 160 Fovea 120 Rods Rods 80 Optic Nerve 40 Cones Cones 0 Ear 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 Nose Offset (Degrees) • Field of view determined by eye rod cone distribution Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Field of View Eye Rotation 15o Optimum 15o 3355oo MMaaxx 35o Max o 40 Max 15o Optimum Normal Line of Sight 20o Max 15o Optimum Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Field of View Head Rotation o 65o Max 0 Optimum 60o Max 60o Max Normal Line of Sight 35o Max Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw Field of View Eye & Head Rotation 15o Optimum 15o 90o Max 15o Optimum 95o Max 9955oo MMaaxx Normal Line of Sight 15o Optimum Copyright 2016 by Walter Sobkiw