User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 Do-it-Yourself Publishing for the Web  1997 America Online, Inc. AOL20-040797 Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Both real and fictitious companies, names, addresses, and data are used in examples herein. No part of this document may be reproduced without express written permission of America Online, Inc.  1997 America Online, Inc. All rights reserved. America Online is a registered trademark and AOLpress, AOLserver, PrimeHost, AOL, the AOL triangle logo, My Place, Netizens, and WebCrawler are trademarks of America Online, Inc. GNN is a registered trademark, and Global Network Navigator, GNNpress, and GNNserver are trademarks of Global Network Navigator, Inc. MiniWeb, NaviLink, NaviPress, NaviServer, and NaviService are trademarks of NaviSoft, Inc. Illustra is a trademark of Illustra Information Technologies, Inc. All other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or organizations. Author: Yvonne DeGraw Cover Art and Illustrations: Amy Luwis Special Thanks To: Thomas Storm, Cathe Gordon, Angela Howard, George W. Williams, V, Dave Long, Dave Bourgeois, Joel Thames, Natalee Press-Schaefer, Robin Balston, Linda T. Dozier, Jeff Dozier, Doug McKee, and Jeff Rawlings. Quick Table of Contents nts e Cont Part 1: Getting Started Welcome! 11 Chapter 1 Installing AOLpress 17 Chapter 2 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps 21 Chapter 3 Browsing with AOLpress 33 Part 2: Creating Pages Chapter 4 Web Pages and What to Put in Them 45 Chapter 5 Creating and Saving Pages 53 Chapter 6 Creating Text and Lists 61 Chapter 7 Adding Tables 83 Chapter 8 Adding Images 91 Chapter 9 Adding Links and Multimedia 105 Chapter 10 Creating Frames 127 Chapter 11 Creating and Using Forms 137 Chapter 12 Viewing and Editing HTML 151 Part 3: Managing and Publishing Pages Chapter 13 Working with MiniWebs 159 Chapter 14 Publishing Pages 181 Part 4: Reference Chapter 15 Setting Preferences 191 Chapter 16 AOLpress Quick Reference 205 Chapter 17 What’s New in V2.0? 221 Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 3 Detailed Contents nts e Cont Contents Part 1: Getting Started Welcome! 11 Chapter 1: Installing AOLpress 17 System requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Installing AOLpress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Upgrading to new versions of AOLpress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Preferences you should set now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 2: Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps 21 Step 1: A little background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Step 2: Start AOLpress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Step 3: Create a Web page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Step 4: Type and format text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Step 5: Create a list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Step 6: Create links to other pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Step 7: Create an email link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Step 8: Add colors and images:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Step 9: Saving to your local disk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Step 10: Publishing to PrimeHost or AOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Learning More... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chapter 3: Browsing with AOLpress 33 Quick start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Opening pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Viewing a page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Following links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 If a link doesn’t work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 History—returning to where you’ve been. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Hot list—keep track of pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Where to browse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Part 2: Creating Pages Chapter 4: Web Pages and What to Put in Them 45 Things Web pages can contain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Figuring out how a page was created . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Page design guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 5 Detailed Contents nts te Con Chapter 5: Creating and Saving Pages 53 Creating a blank page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Editing and saving an existing page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Importing a document. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Selecting files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Chapter 6: Creating Text and Lists 61 Page titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Creating text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Editing text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Formatting text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Paragraph formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Removing formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Learning more... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Chapter 7: Adding Tables 83 Creating and formatting tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Adding or deleting table cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Putting text and images into tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Formatting table cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Merging and splitting table cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Learning more... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Chapter 8: Adding Images 91 Quick start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Finding and creating images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Inserting images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Positioning images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Horizontal rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Using built-in hit counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Rating your page content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Setting colors and background images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Learning more... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Chapter 9: Adding Links and Multimedia 105 Quick start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 About links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Creating links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Image maps—multiple links from images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Multimedia links. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Toolbar navigation buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 6 Detailed Contents nts e Cont Checking links. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Java applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Learning more... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Chapter 10: Creating Frames 127 Creating frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Resizing frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Editing within frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Saving frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Linking to frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Learning more... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Chapter 11: Creating and Using Forms 137 Quick start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Choosing a program for a form to run . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Creating forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Using the form palette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Changing forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Learning more... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Chapter 12: Viewing and Editing HTML 151 Viewing HTML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Editing HTML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Learning more... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Part 3: Managing and Publishing Pages Chapter 13: Working with MiniWebs 159 Things to know about MiniWebs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Creating MiniWebs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Viewing MiniWebs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Editing MiniWebs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Managing MiniWebs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Chapter 14: Publishing Pages 181 Publishing with multiple authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Publishing a whole folder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 Publishing to PrimeHost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Publishing to AOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Publishing to another AOLserver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Publishing to non-AOLservers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Publishing to other formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 File names and URLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 7 Detailed Contents nts te Con Part 4: Reference Chapter 15: Setting Preferences 191 General preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 File extensions and MIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 MIME viewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 MiniWeb icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Configure toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Chapter 16: AOLpress Quick Reference 205 Page window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 MiniWeb window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Using the mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Chapter 17: What’s New in V2.0? 221 Frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 New window design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Creating pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 MiniWebs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Server-side include editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 HTML support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 8 Part 1 Getting Started 1 Part 1 gives you an introduction to AOLpress. You’ll learn what it can do, how to install it, and you’ll learn the basics in a quick lesson. Read Welcome! to learn what AOLpress can do and how to get technical support if you need it. Read Chapter 1 if you need to install AOLpress. It covers installation and system requirements. It also covers a few essentials about preferences you may want to set before you use AOLpress. Follow the example in Chapter 2 to get a quick overview of how AOLpress helps you create Web pages. Read Chapter 3 to learn more about using AOLpress to browse the Web. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 9 Welcome! The World Wide Web has fueled the explosive growth of the Internet and the emerging software and services industries that surround it. The Web lets individuals, companies, and institutions—anyone with an Internet connection—publish electronically. The fundamental unit of the Web is the “page” you see when you browse for information. Pages are hypertext documents. When you click on a link, your computer retrieves the page referenced by the link and displays it on your screen. Web pages can also contain images, sounds, videos, forms, and other features. What is AOLpress? AOLpress helps you create and publish Web pages. The important difference between AOLpress and other Web browsers is that AOLpress is both an editor and a browser. The editing features are not available in normal Web browsers. Because AOLpress integrates authoring and browsing, you can integrate reading and editing. If you are browsing (reading) a page on your PrimeHost hosting service directory or any AOLserver where you have permission to change pages, you can make changes and republish the page immediately. Behind the scenes, Web pages are stored in a format called HTML (HyperText Markup Language). If you use AOLpress, you won’t have to learn this language. Instead, you can create Web pages just as you would create paper documents with a word processor like Microsoft Word. You can use AOLpress with or without access to the PrimeHost hosting service. With the PrimeHost hosting service, you will be able to save your pages directly to the AOLservers used by the service. What is the PrimeHost hosting service? AOLpress and the AOL PrimeHost hosting service give you an integrated publishing system for the World Wide Web. The computer on your desk connects to Web servers where you can publish your pages. AOLpress and the PrimeHost hosting service let you join the thousands who have made their presence known on the Internet. For information about PrimeHost, see http://www.primehost.com . Welcome! What are AOLservers? You can use AOLpress with several levels of service. As your Internet needs grow, you can move up to higher service levels. Each service level gives you more disk space and supports more frequent page accesses than the previous level. ♦ No service: You can use AOLpress to create Web pages without having a Prime- Host hosting service account. If you have your own AOLserver, you can use AOLpress to save pages directly to that server. Otherwise, you have to use some other file transfer mechanism (such as FTP) to move pages you create with AOLpress to the Web server you are using. ♦ Personal Service: With your AOL membership, you can access the Internet and publish your pages on the World Wide Web. Your AOL membership includes access to “My Place”, where you can publish up to 2 MB of pages and other files per screen name (up to 10 MB per account). My Place lets you use AOLpress to publish directly to http://members.aol.com/members. Go to keyword “My Place” on AOL to learn more. ♦ Domain Service: This service level gives you a unique “domain” name — such as mycompany.com . This makes your company easy to find on the Web ( http://www.mycompany.com) and helps you project a professional image. ♦ Commercial Service: In addition to a domain name, this service level gives you control over most administrative, database, and programming capabilities of the AOLserver where your Web site is hosted. ♦ Dedicated Service: In addition to the features of the Commercial service, this service level gives you full access to the system, your choice of hardware and soft- ware configuration, and secure financial transactions. PrimeHost also provides the “Storefront Solution,” which lets you quickly put your catalog of products online so that you can accept electronic payment securely. What are AOLservers? AOLserver is the software the PrimeHost hosting service uses to store your Web pages and send the contents to people who want to read your pages. If you want to set up your own Web hosting service, you can download the AOLserver software for free from http://www.aolserver.com/ . The AOLserver is extendable with C and Tcl APIs that can access various types of databases. Full CGI support is also provided. Why give our software away for free? In our ongoing effort to promote publishing on the World Wide Web, we make two major Web tools — AOLpress and AOLserver — available at no charge. AOLpress is the top-ranked Web page authoring software, and AOLserver is the remarkable server software (called “awesome” by New Media magazine) at the core of the PrimeHost hosting service. This free distribution is our gift to the Web community. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 12 Welcome! Our assumptions about you Our assumptions about you We realize there is probably no “typical” reader of this book or user of AOLpress. Some of you are novices; some have considerable experience. How you will use this book depends on what you already know. How we explain things depends on what we assume about you and your system. You can use AOLpress if you can use a word processor. ♦ We assume your computer connects to the Internet either directly or through a modem connected to AOL or an Internet Service Provider. Otherwise: • If your computer connects to a local-area network (LAN), you should contact your system administrator to find out how to connect to the Internet. • If your computer is not connected to a network or modem, you must connect it. ♦ We assume you know how to use your computer and its operating software. • You have experience with a window-based, graphical user interface, like Microsoft Windows or the Macintosh. • You know how to run programs. • You know about files and directories (sometimes called documents and folders), We how to create them, rename them, move them, and delete them. • You know how to use your computer’s mouse. lc ♦ We assume you have used one of the popular word-processing software packages, ome such as Microsoft Word. ! • The editing conventions in AOLpress are similar. • The file-saving operations in AOLpress look similar, but they also allow you to save files over the Internet. ♦ We do not assume that you are familiar with the World Wide Web and with the concept of navigating through information with hypertext, but we recognize that many of you are familiar with these services and concepts. • If you are familiar with Web navigation, scan Chapter 2 to see how AOLpress lets you browse the Web. Then, work through its examples to create a Web page. AOLserver administrators Administering AOLservers requires expertise typical of a system administrator. Extending or customizing the server requires programming expertise. The AOLserver manages permissions for access to information, user accounts, and modification of files. Hence, the AOLserver administrator has the responsibilities of a system administrator. Separate documentation for the AOLserver software is available for those who use the PrimeHost hosting service at the Commercial or Dedicated level and those who download the free AOLserver software and manage their own server. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 13 Welcome! About this book About this book This book is both a tutorial and a reference manual for the AOLpress software. We intend this book for the novice and the experienced user. If you are a new user, you should start with Part I, use the software for a while, and then read through the rest of the book. Experienced users can search through the chapters, table of contents, and index to find special topics explained. This book also covers the way AOLpress and the PrimeHost hosting service interact. The AOLserver documentation describes how to administer and program the server. How to use this book We urge you to use this book, not just read it. To learn about the software, use the book as a tutorial. We show how to accomplish a variety of tasks. Work through the instructions to learn. The book usually introduces a set of steps to accomplish a particular task with a distinctive heading: ➙Do a task: Following the heading that introduces a task are either sequential steps or optional steps, each with its distinctive style: 1 Numbered paragraphs, like this one, designate step-by-step instructions. Follow them to learn how the tools work. 2 ➙ File Save Menu commands are shown with arrows, for example, means you File Save should pull down the menu and choose the option. ■ Paragraphs with a square bullet, like this one, are optional steps. Usually there is a sequence. Do one or more of the steps to cause the designated action or actions. We recommend that you review this book after you have used AOLpress for a while. You will discover useful features that you breezed over the first time. Online tutorial AOLpress comes with an online tutorial that teaches you how to use AOLpress. It’s really an online workbook, because you edit the Web pages that make up the tutorial ➙ Help Tutorial to learn how to use AOLpress. To start the tutorial, choose . Online help There are many online help pages available throughout AOLpress. Most windows have a help button that you can click to get assistance with a specific task. AOLpress provides several other ways you can find answers to your questions: User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 14 Welcome! About this book ➙Use the online help and online documentation: ➙ ■ Choose the Help Contents menu item. You will see a page that contains links to various types of online help and online documentation. For example, you can click on the link to the online User Guide to search the online version of this book. ➙Search for help by looking up a word: 1 ➙ Help Search For Help On Choose the menuitem. You will see a page that lets you search the AOLpress User’s Guide. 2 Search Type a word or words in the field, and click the button. You will see a list of sections that contain those words. You can click on a link to move to a section. The word you searched for will be highlighted. ➙Search the list of Frequently Asked Questions: ➙ ■ Choose the menu Help FAQ. (“FAQ” stands for “Frequently Asked Questions,” and is usually pronounced “fack”.) Another FAQ with information about AOLpress is provided at http://www.aolpress.com/faq.html We . ➙Get contact information for help with technical questions: lc ➙ ome ■ Help Tech Support Choose the menu . ➙Find clip art and other resources: ! ■ You can find clip art for your pages at http://www.aolpress.com/gallery/index.html and links to other clip art sites on the Web at http://www.primehost.com/members/create/index.htm. Typographical conventions We use a variety of fonts to identify items or processing steps: bold, sans serif : Menus, menu items, and field names. Menu names ➙ File Save with options use arrows, for example, . italic: To emphasize selected words. For example, “We urge you to use this book.” italic, underlined A hyperlink. When browsing a Web page, click on a hyperlink to display the Web page it references. courier http://gnn.com/ Text that you type. For example: . Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 15 Welcome! What’s new in v2.0? Variations on different types of computers AOLpress is available for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh. We have compromised between making the application similar across different platforms, versus making it look similar to other applications on the same platform. Paragraphs in this book that apply to specific platforms are identified in the text. If you are using a Macintosh, the screen will look a little different from examples in this book, but the fields are the same and they work the same way. What’s new in v2.0? If you’ve used AOLpress (or GNNpress or NaviPress) before, see page 221 for a list of the new features you will find in AOLpress v2.0. The icon to the left identifies features that are new in this version. If you are using an earlier version, these features will not be available. To find out how you can upgrade to AOLpress v2.0, please visit our Web site (http://www.aolpress.com/). To contact us or get more information To sign up for the PrimeHost hosting service or to get technical support: ♦ Call 800/879-6882 ♦ Send email to info@primehost.com to sign up ♦ support@primehost.com Send email to for technical support ♦ Visit http://www.primehost.com/ ♦ Go to the “primehost” keyword on AOL To download AOLpress or AOLserver for free: ♦ Visit http://www.aolpress.com/ ♦ To find out about technical support, email lists, and AOL message boards about AOLpress, visit http://www.aolpress.com/feedback.html. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 16 Chapter 1 1Installing AOLpress What you’ll find in this chapter: System requirements 18 Installing AOLpress 19 Upgrading to new versions of AOLpress 20 Preferences you should set now 20 This chapter explains how to install AOLpress on the following operating systems: ♦ Microsoft Windows 3.1, 3.5 NT, Workgroups, and Windows95 (32-bit and 16-bit) ♦ Mac OS: System 7 and later You can download the AOLpress software from http://www.aolpress.com. (AOLpress may also be available for Solaris, SunOS, Irix, and HP UNIX platforms. Check the AOLpress Web site for availability.) Using AOLpress with an AOL account Your AOL membership includes Web space where you can publish up to 2 MB of pages and other files per screen name (for a total of 10 MB per account). Your Web address is screen_name http://members.aol.com/ . If you are an AOL member and you want to publish to this location, read the instructions at http://www.aolpress.com/press/memberfaq.html. This page contains the latest information about using AOLpress with a connection to AOL. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 17 Installing AOLpress System requirements System requirements If you want to use AOLpress over the Internet, you need to have a “SLIP” or “PPP” connection from an Internet service provider, modem, and the appropriate connection software (for example, Trumpet winsock or Chameleon). You can still use AOLpress to author and access local files when your computer is not connected to the Internet. For example, while you create pages you may want to leave your modem off and then connect your modem to the Internet when you are ready to publish your pages. When your modem is off, you have access to all the features of AOLpress, but cannot open, save, delete, or browse on network locations. If you have additional questions about using AOLpress with various types of Internet connections, see the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) lists at http://www.aolpress.com/faq.html and at http://www.primehost.com/faq/faq.htm. MS Windows ♦ Microsoft Windows 3.1, NT, Workgroups, or Windows 95 ♦ Intel x86 microprocessor (386 minimum; 486 or above recommended) ♦ 4 Mbytes RAM minimum; 8 Mbytes recommended ♦ 5 Mbytes free disk space required for installation ♦ Internet TCP/IP software: • Windows NT and Windows95 have support for TCP/IP built in. Windows NT and Windows95 users do not need to install third-party software. • Windows 3.1 and Windows for Workgroups do not have built-in support for TCP/IP. You need “TCP/IP stack” software if you want to use the Web. Sources of TCP/IP stacks include FTP Inc., Microsoft, NetManage, Novell, and Spry. ♦ A modem or direct network connection ♦ Color monitor set to display at least 256 colors Macintosh ♦ System 7 or above. ♦ CPU: 68030 or higher, or Power PC ♦ 16 megabytes of RAM, 24 megabytes required to use AOL and AOLpress together ♦ 5 Mbytes disk space required for installation ♦ MacTCP or Open Transport software (check your system disks if it is not installed) ♦ A modem or direct network connection. (If you use a modem, you also need PPP or SLIP software.) ♦ Color monitor set to display at least 256 colors User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 18 Installing AOLpress Installing AOLpress Installing AOLpress MS Windows ➙Install AOLpress on Windows 3.1, NT, Workgroups, or Windows95: 1 Click on the Web link to download AOLpress. (For Windows 95 or later versions of Windows, download the 32-bit version. For Windows 3.1, download the 16-bit version.) Specify the location on your hard drive where you want to store the compressed AOLpress software. This can be a folder where you store temporary files. 2 File Manager File Explorer Use the or to find the file you downloaded. 3 Double-click on the file you downloaded to expand and run the setup procedure. 4 Follow the prompts in the setup procedure to install AOLpress. 1 5 When the installation is complete, you can double-click on the AOLpress icon in Install your Program Manager to run AOLpress. Installing with no Internet connection i WINSOCK.DLL ng If you do not have a file (TCP/IP connection software), you will see a message that says “Couldn't find TCP/IP network (WINSOCK.DLL). Would you like a AOLpre stand-alone installation?” If you proceed with a stand-alone installation, a null WINSOCK.DLL is placed in the AOLpress folder. AOLpress tells you that you are not connected to a network when you first try to access an Internet location. s If you install AOLpress stand-alone and later decide you want to use it over the s Internet, you must change the installation as follows: 1 Install Internet access connection software (this should place a file called WINSOCK.DLL in your Windows folder. 2 Arrange for Internet access from a provider such as the PrimeHost hosting service. 3 File Manager Start the Windows and search for AOLPRESS.EXE. Delete the WINSOCK.DLL file in the same folder as AOLPRESS.EXE. If there is no WINSOCK.DLL file in its folder, AOLpress will use the WINSOCK.DLL file in the Windows folder. If you delete the null WINSOCK.DLL without installing Internet access software, and then try to use AOLpress, it will not start. Either install a valid WINSOCK.DLL or reinstall AOLpress. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 19 Installing AOLpress Upgrading to new versions of AOLpress Macintosh ➙Install AOLpress on a Macintosh: 1 Click on the Web link to download AOLpress. Specify the location on your drive where you want to store the compressed AOLpress software. This can be a folder where you store temporary files. 2 Double-click on the file you downloaded to expand and run the installation. 3 Follow the prompts in the installation procedure to install AOLpress. 4 When the installation is complete, double-click on the AOLpress icon to run AOLpress. Upgrading to new versions of AOLpress When new versions of AOLpress are introduced, you can update over the network ➙ instead of re-installing. Select File Upgrade . AOLpress You can download a new version of the software and install it. Preferences you should set now Chapter 15 covers Preferences in detail, but you might need to set the Proxy server now if your site is behind a firewall or if you connect to the Internet through a service provider who runs your connections. First ask your System Administrator if you are behind a firewall. Some hints that you might be are: ♦ You cannot ftp to a remote site. ♦ You cannot log in to a remote site. ♦ You can reach internal Web servers but no external Web sites. ➙Set preferences: 1 Start AOLpress. 2 ➙ ➙ Tools Preferences Network Choose the menu item. 3 Always Proxy Click the check box. 4 Ask your system administrator for the name of the Proxy server. Typically it is in hostname:port (for example, www.mycom.com:81). Do not type the the form leading http://. 5 SOCKS host You may also need to set a name in this window if you are behind a firewall. Ask your system administrator. Mail Address in the Network If you want to use AOLpress to send email, set your Preferences window, too. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 20 Chapter 2 2Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps What you’ll find in this chapter: Step 1: A little background 22 Step 2: Start AOLpress 23 Step 3: Create a Web page 24 Step 4: Type and format text 24 Step 5: Create a list 25 Step 6: Create links to other pages 25 Step 7: Create an email link 27 Step 8: Add colors and images: 28 Step 9: Saving to your local disk 30 Step 10: Publishing to PrimeHost or AOL 31 Learning More... 32 The steps in this chapter show you how to quickly create a Web page for yourself. Your page will have text, links, and a way for people to send you email. And, you’ll be surprised how quickly you can create all of this. This chapter also shows you how to publish your page to the PrimeHost hosting service (if you have an account). Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 21 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 1: A little background Step 1: A little background Before we start our tour of the World Wide Web and AOLpress, we’d like to explain a few of the terms you’ll see. They are a lot less mysterious than they sound. ♦ Web Pages: The documents you see on the Web are called “pages.” They contain text, images, and “links” that let you jump to other pages. ♦ Browse: When you look at a Web page, you are “browsing” that page, and the soft- ware you are using is called a “browser”. Another term for browsing Web pages is “surfing.” AOLpress is both a browser and an “authoring tool” — because it lets you look at pages and create or change them. ♦ Web server: The computer that stores the pages you see is called a “Web server.” It runs software that knows how to send pages and images to browsers. ♦ Web client: On the Web, the “client” is your own computer. You don’t need to understand “client-server computing” to use AOLpress. In case you’re curious, a “client” computer is one that sends requests to a “server” computer. The “server” processes the request, and the “client” takes care of showing you the results. URLs Pages/files Web servers Web client (or “browser”) (Web pages published here) ♦ URL: The strings of characters (like http://www.mycompany.com/) you keep seeing in advertisements are locations on the Web called Uniform Resource Loca- tors or “URLs”. You can pronounce this as “you-are-els” or “earls”. ♦ Web site: All your pages, images, and other files make up your “Web site.” ♦ Home page: The first page you want people to see in Web site your set of pages is called the “home page.” Other pages are just “pages.” “Home” ♦ MiniWeb: With AOLpress, you can treat all the page pages, images, and other files in a folder as a small links version of the Web — called a “MiniWeb.” A MiniWeb acts as a “File Manager” for your Web pages. You use MiniWebs to manage your pages and Other pages see connections between files. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 22 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 2: Start AOLpress ♦ HTML: The language used behind-the-scenes to format Web pages is called HyperText Markup Language (HTML). In the past, people had to learn this language to create Web pages. Now, you can use AOLpress to create pages as easily as you would write a letter using a word processor. ♦ Publish: When you make your pages public to other people browsing the Web, you are “publishing” those pages. With AOLpress, publishing is about as easy as saving a file with a word processor. Step 2: Start AOLpress ➙To start AOLpress: 2 Crea ■ Double-click the AOLpress icon in the AOLpress program group or folder. te a We AOLpress automatically opens a Page Window with helpful pointers to documentation, support, and authoring assistance. You can set the Preferences (see page 196) to have AOLpress open a different page when you start AOLpress. b Pa ge in 10 Eas Location field: y enter address Step to open a Web page s If you haven’t browsed the Web before, see page 33 to learn how. If you have already browsed the Web, you can browse the Web with AOLpress the same way you would with other browser software programs. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 23 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 3: Create a Web page Step 3: Create a Web page AOLpress also includes an online tutorial that helps you learn to create and edit Web Help Tutorial pages. To start the online tutorial, choose ➙ in AOLpress. File New New Page 1 Choose the ➙ ➙ menu item. You’ll see a blank window that says “Please title this page.” This is just like a blank document in a word processor. 2 Title Let’s start by giving the page a title. In the field above the blank area, type “_____’s Page” and fill in your name. For example, type “Chris’s Page”. Press the Return key and you will see this title at the top of the window. Step 4: Type and format text 1 At the top of the page, type “Welcome to _____’s Home Page!” Fill in your name again. For example, type “Welcome to Chris’s Home Page!” Then, click on the welcome message you typed to make sure the cursor is in this line. Format Heading Hdg 1 2 Choose the ➙ ➙ menu item. This makes your welcome message big and bold. Your welcome message will look like this: User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 24 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 5: Create a list Step 5: Create a list 1 After your welcome message, type this text: 2 Crea 2 Use your mouse to highlight the lines that say “AOLpress” and “Excite”. (High- light all of both lines.) te a We Format List Bulleted List 3 Choose the ➙ ➙ menu item to make these two lines a list. b Pa Step 6: Create links to other pages ge in 10 1 Use your mouse to highlight the word “AOLpress” in your window. Then choose Element Link Eas the ➙ menu item. 2 http://www.aolpress.com/ Type the URL for the AOLpress home page ( ) in y Link to Page field, like this. Then, click the OK button. The text that says Step the “AOLpress” is now a link to the AOLpress home page. s 3 Double-click on the link you just created. Double-clicking opens a second window. Back (Don’t worry if you accidentally single-click on the link. You can use the button later to move back to the page you are editing. Your changes to the page will still be there unless you close the window you were editing in without saving or click the “Reload Page” icon.) Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 25 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 6: Create links to other pages 4 With the AOLpress home page window active, type http://www.excite.com/ Location field near the top of the AOLpress window. You will see the Web into the page for the Excite search engine. 5 Click the Copy URL button in the toolbar. 6 Now move back to the window you were editing and use your mouse Element Link to highlight the word “Excite”. Then choose the ➙ menu item. 7 Link to Page With the cursor in the field, press Ctrl+V to paste the URL you copied OK from the Excite page into this field. Then, click the button. The text that says “Excite” is now a link, too. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 26 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 7: Create an email link Step 7: Create an email link Format Exit List Format 1 Put your cursor after the word “Excite” and choose the ➙ menu item. This adds a regular text line below your list. 2 Type “Send me email”. Element E-mail Link 3 Highlight the word “email” and choose the ➙ menu item. 4 Send email to OK In the field, type your email address. Then click the button. For example: 2 Crea 5 Click on the link you just created to try sending mail to yourself. You will see a te a We page that looks like this. Go ahead and send yourself an email message using AOLpress. b Pa ge in 10 Eas y 6 Notice that the return address for your email is “someone@somewhere.com” Step unless you already changed it. This is because AOLpress doesn’t yet know what your email address is (and you don’t have to tell it if you want to keep your email s Tools Preferences Network address private). Choose the ➙ ➙ menu item to open a window where you can set your return email address. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 27 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 8: Add colors and images: Step 8: Add colors and images: 1 Move back to the page you have been creating. Format Page Attributes 2 Choose the ➙ menu item. You will see a window with these fields at the top, which let you select colors for the background and text in your page. 3 Pick Background Color Click the button to the right of the field. You’ll see a color OK window. Click on a light background color like white or yellow. Then click the button in the color picker. The code for the color you selected will be shown in the Background Color field. 4 OK Click the button in the Page Attributes window. The background of your window will change to the color you selected. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 28 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 8: Add colors and images: Adding images: 5 It’s also easy to add images to pages with AOLpress. To find a sample image, Help Tutorial choose ➙ . Scroll down the page until you see the pencil image. 6 Use your mouse to highlight the pencil image. Press Ctrl+C to copy the image. 7 Move back to the window that contains your page. 8 Place the cursor in your page and press Ctrl+V to paste the image you selected. You will see an “Options” window that looks like this: 2 Crea te a We b Pa ge in 10 9 To copy the image to the folder where this page is stored, choose either “Relative” Save Images/Frames or “All” in the field. For more information about the choice in this window, see page 57. 10 Another way to insert an image when you know where the file is located is to Eas Element Image choose the ➙ menu item. You can copy and paste graphics from any y Web page to your page. (Remember that using someone else’s images without Step permission violates their copyright.) s Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 29 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 9: Saving to your local disk Step 9: Saving to your local disk As you create Web pages, you should save copies of them to your local disk drive as described in this section. In fact, you can use AOLpress to create and save Web pages even when your modem is not connected. Then, when you connect to the Web, you can publish your pages as described in the next section. ➙To save your home page to your local disk: 1 ➙ File Save As Choose . A file selection window appears. (For details on selecting files on various platforms, see page 58.) 2 Drives / Sites Sites Select your local drive in the field labeled ( on a Macintosh). 3 Directory In the list (Windows) or the list of folders and files (Macintosh), double- click on the directory or folder where you want to save your page. 4 Page Location Sites Move the cursor to the field (the unlabeled field below the field index.html on a Macintosh) and add to the end of the page location. For Page Location example, the on your local disk could be c:\mydir\page2.htm on Windows 3.1, c:\mydir\page2.html on Windows 95, and BigDrive:Web Pages:page2.html on a Macintosh. (Colons separate layers of drive, folder, and file names on a Macintosh.) Home pages: (Use a file name of index.htm or index.html for your “home page” —the first page you want people to see when they visit your pages. If people don’t specify a file name when they visit your pages, most servers give them the index.htm or index.html file automatically.) 5 OK Click when you have finished setting the location. See page 173 for ways to customize how AOLpress saves images and modifies links when you save a page. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 30 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Step 10: Publishing to PrimeHost or AOL Step 10: Publishing to PrimeHost or AOL Publishing on the Internet with AOLpress is as easy as saving a file on your computer as you did in the previous section. The steps are basicaly the same, except you save to the PrimeHost hosting service or your AOL account instead of your local disk drive and you are asked to enter your username and password. If you don’t have an AOL account or a PrimeHost hosting service account, follow the instructions at http://www.primehost.com/ (or on America Online at keyword: primehost) to open an account. Once you have an account, you can publish pages as follows. (See page 181 for more details on publishing pages and how to publish to locations 2 Crea other than PrimeHost or AOL.) ➙To publish your personal home page: Make sure you are connected to the PrimeHost hosting service before you try to te a We publish a page. If you do not yet have an Internet connection or a PrimeHost hosting service account, you should skip the rest of this section. 1 ➙ b File Save As Choose the menu item. The file selection window you saw when you saved the file locally appears. (For details on using such windows, see page 58.) Pa ge in 10 Eas y Step s 2 screen_name If you are a member of AOL, type http://members.aol.com/ / Page Location in the field. For example, if your screen name is “snoopy”, type http://members.aol.com/snoopy/ (If you have problems saving to your AOL space, see http://www.aolpress.com/press/memberfaq.html .) If you have Domain, Commercial, or Dedicated service, type the Web address for your domain. For example, type http://www.mycompany.com/ . Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 31 Create a Web Page in 10 Easy Steps Learning More... 3 Page Location Move the cursor to the field and add a file name of index.html to index.htm the end of the location. (The file should be your “home page” —the first page you want people to see when they visit your pages. If people don’t specify a file name when they visit your pages, the server gives them the index.htm file automatically.) 4 OK Click to save your page. The first time you save to this location in each session, you will see this authentication window: Type your screenname (or username) and password if AOLpress prompts you for them. AOLpress will save the page and all the image files (lines, bullets, photos) associated with it. Saving the file across the network may take a few seconds. ■ If a page with the file name you typed already exists, a window will ask you whether to save the file, don’t save, or rename the page. ■ If any of your images already exist in this directory, AOLpress asks you if you want to save it, don’t save it, rename it, or cancel. There is no need to re-save image files now, though you can if you wish. AOLpress will ask what you want to do for each pre-existing file. Now your page is on the Web! Your friends with Web browsers can see it if they look at the address where you saved the page (for example, screen_name http://members.aol.com/ /). Don’t forget to add your page to ➙ your own Hot List (by choosing the Browse Add to Hot List menu item), so you can get to it easily. If you want to change your page in the future, just display your page with AOLpress. ➙ Make your changes with AOLpress, then choose File Save to publish your changes. See page 173 for ways to customize how AOLpress saves images and modifies links when you save a page. Learning More... AOLpress also includes an online tutorial that helps you learn to create and edit Web pages. It includes information on lots of things not covered in this short chapter — like creating tables and frames. ➙ Help Tutorial To start the online tutorial, choose in AOLpress. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 32 Chapter 3 3Browsing with AOLpress What you’ll find in this chapter: Quick start 34 Opening pages 35 Viewing a page 36 Following links 38 If a link doesn’t work 39 History—returning to where you’ve been 40 Hot list—keep track of pages 41 Where to browse 42 This chapter explains how to use AOLpress to navigate and read information on the World Wide Web. While AOLpress is primarily a tool for creating and publishing Web pages, it is also a browser. Familiarity with AOLpress and its differences from other Web browsers is also important when you create pages. In general, browsing the Web with AOLpress is much like browsing the Web with an ordinary Web browser. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 33 Browsing with AOLpress Quick start Quick start Here is a quick summary of commands you can use while browsing the Web: Opening Pages Location File➙Open When you know the URL field at top of page, or Location menu, field hyperlink Hyperlinks Single-click on the (double-click to get the page in a new window) Location Window history Click drop-down arrow of field in page . window Browse Global History Fetch Global history ➙ . Click button Browse Hot List Hot List ➙ Viewing Back Back button at top of page Forward Forward button at top of page Tools Preferences General No images ➙ ➙ Stop loading Stop button Browse Reload Page Browse Reload ➙ or press button in Tool Bar Browse Load Images Load or reload images ➙ Hot List Browse Add To Hot List Add URL to Hot List ➙ Browse Hot List Edit Hot List ➙ User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 34 Browsing with AOLpress Opening pages Opening pages As the following figures show, there are several ways to open Web pages in AOLpress. Open Locations: Follow hyperlinks: Use the Tool Bar: Use the Menu Bar: 3 Browsi n g with AOLpress ➙Opening pages with AOLpress: ■ You can follow a link in an open page to a new page (a new URL). ■ Location If you know the URL address, you can type it directly in the field or in the ➙ window you see after choosing File Open. ■ If you closed a window containing the page you now want to open (during this session or a previous session), check the File➙Open Recent list. ■ Back Each AOLpress Page window keeps a history of the current session. Using the and Forward buttons at the top of the window, you can move to any page AOLpress has displayed in a Page window in this session. ■ The AOLpress Hot List keeps track of addresses that you have placed there. You can use the Hot List to “remember” names of interesting Web pages, and consult your Hot List when you want to return to an URL you previously found. ■ AOLpress keeps a Global History of the current session. You can jump back to any page in the list of pages that AOLpress has displayed in any Page window. ■ There are many Web pages that provide information services for the World Wide Web. You can use these to search for information. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 35 Browsing with AOLpress Viewing a page Viewing a page A small web animation appears in the top right corner of the AOLpress window. This means AOLpress is searching for and loading a page. The status bar at the bottom of the window shows what AOLpress is doing. You may see hour glasses appear in the page, soon to be replaced by images. The hour glass appears while an image is being loaded, and is replaced by the image when it is ready to be displayed. If your system and network connection are fast enough, images may load before you see the hour glass. If you have set your preferences so that pictures are not loaded (see page 192), an hour glass icon or question mark icon appears and the image does not appear automatically. This is a useful option if your modem is not very fast. You can click the mouse on the icon to cause the image to appear. A lightning bolt appears if the image cannot be loaded. This usually occurs because a link is incorrect. Reloading pages and images When you load a page it is cached (stored in your computer’s memory). If you open that page again, it does not have to be transferred over the network again. However, sometimes you want to reload the current page. (For example, if the page provides current weather photos or stock prices.) To do this, you can use the Reload Browse Reload Page button or the ➙ menu item. This causes the page and all the images it contains to be transferred over the network again, even if the page is cached. When you reload a page, AOLpress shows changes to the page since you last visited it. If you are editing the page with AOLpress, you should save any changes to your pages before you reload. It you attempt to reload a page that you have edited, you will see a window that asks whether you want to save your changes or reload and lose changes. Browse Load If you want to reload only the images in the page, you can use the ➙ Images Stop menu item. For example, you may have clicked the button while images were loading. Or, you may have unchecked the “Load Remote Images” field in the Tools Preferences General ➙ ➙ window to make pages load faster. Stop If you want to stop loading a Web page or image, press this button. To resume Browse Reload Page loading after you have stopped it, use ➙ . This causes the page and images to be transferred again. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 36 Browsing with AOLpress Viewing a page Scrolling Most Web pages are longer than a screen. You can use the scroll bars on the right and bottom sides of the windows to scroll up and down or left and right. Printing a page File Print File Print Setup Choose the menu ➙ to print the current page. The menu ➙ lets you specify various printing options—size of page, orientation, scale, and color. External viewers for special file types Some links in Web pages point to files that AOLpress cannot display. Included in this category are such objects as images, video clips, audio clips, and PostScript files. When you click on the link to one of these types of files, AOLpress can launch an 3 external viewer, and the contents of the file appears on your screen or plays through Browsi your audio device. If you have not specified an external viewer for a particular type of file, AOLpress copies the file to your local hard drive, and asks you for a file name. To set external viewers for AOLpress, see page 199. n g Browsing preferences with Tools Preferences General You can choose the ➙ ➙ menu item to bring up the General Preferences window. This window lets you make some choices about what happens AOLpress when you browse with AOLpress. Load images If the Load Remote Images field in the General Preferences window is not check marked, then when AOLpress opens a page it does not load the images in that page. Instead an hour glass icon or question mark icon is shown where the image would appear. This can save time if your modem is not very fast. See page 192 for details. Clicking on the question mark causes the image to be loaded. Or, you can choose the Browse Load Images ➙ menu item when you find a page with images you want to see. Prefetch pages Prefetch Pages If the field in the General Preferences window is check marked, then whenever a web page is opened, all pages to which that page links to are loaded into local memory. While this option causes the initial loading to go more slowly, browsing is much faster after the pages are loaded. See page 192 for details. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 37 Browsing with AOLpress Following links Following links ➙To jump to another page: To jump to a page that is “linked” to text or an image in the current page, click the mouse on the appropriate text. (Linked text is usually a different color and underlined.) ■ Single-clicking replaces the page in the current Page window with the new page. ■ Double-clicking creates a new Page window showing the new Web page. AOLpress lets you open and browse in multiple windows. The number of windows you can open is limited by how much memory (RAM) your computer lets AOLpress use. You will see a message if there is not enough memory to open another window. Backward and forward ➙Backward: ■ Back After you follow a hyperlink, notice that the button is no longer fuzzy. ■ Click this button to take you back a page. The backward function is also ➙ Browse Browse Backward available in the menu: . ➙Forward: ■ Forward After you back up, notice that the button is no longer fuzzy. ■ This button takes you to a Web page you have just backed up from. The ➙ Browse Browse Forward forward function is also available in the menu: . With these two buttons you can move through the Web pages you have visited in this Page window. Notice also that the underline for the hyperlink you followed is a new color, and the underline is now dashed. This means the page this link points to is cached (stored in local memory). Hence, it is much faster to use the link again, because AOLpress no longer has to download the page across the Internet. Change locations within a page Some pages have links to internal anchors, which look like hyperlinks that have been already been used. They simply point to a location within the same page. You can read the page by scrolling up and down, but these anchors let you move to specific positions in the page. Cloning a page Double-click on the Page icon to the left of the Location field to open another window showing the same page. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 38 Browsing with AOLpress If a link doesn’t work If a link doesn’t work Sometimes the pages you request do not open successfully. When AOLpress cannot open a page, the server usually gives a helpful message. Some of the reasons for the lack of success are beyond your control. A common cause of problems is that the link you tried to follow was incorrect. Sometimes an URL connected to link has moved, yet the link is still there. You can sometimes figure out bad links. Look for the following possibilities if you typed the URL correctly: ♦ Some URLs require the trailing slash be at the end of the URL. ♦ Sometimes the file name requires the .html file ending and the author forgot to use it. Try .htm as well. Other messages you might see are: 3 Browsi Retrieve Failed Usually the result of a server error, which may be out of your Browse Reload Page control. ➙ may produce the correct result. Couldn’t Find The program couldn’t find the URL that contains the page. Either Server the URL is wrong or the server that contains the page is down. n g Not Found The filename is wrong, even though the server may be correct. with Sometimes this occurs because a link points to a file that no longer exists. Couldn’t find File The file is not available. Sometimes this is because there are too AOLpress / Page/MiniWeb may people trying to access the server that contains the page you want to see. “Forbidden” You do not have permission to access a particular page. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 39 Browsing with AOLpress History—returning to where you’ve been History—returning to where you’ve been You can reopen pages you have viewed during this session using AOLpress’ history. Window history Click the down arrow to the right of the Location field to see a list of all Web pages you have visited since you opened that Page Window. You can re-open any page in this list by selecting it. This menu only lists pages opened from this window; it does not list pages visited from other windows you may have opened. Global history A similar list of all Web pages viewed by any Page Window since you started Browse Global History AOLpress is available if you choose the ➙ menu item. A list of Web pages appears. If the list is too long to fit in the small window, use the scrolling arrows on the right side of the window. Chronological list of all pages visited in the current session To view a page from this history, double-click on it to select it from the list, then click the Fetch button. You can open a Global History or Hot List item without opening a new page by using the Copy URL button to copy the URL of an item to the clipboard. Then, in a Page Location Window, paste the URL into the field. Closing the AOLpress application automatically clears your global history. Each launch of AOLpress begins a new global history. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 40 Browsing with AOLpress Hot list—keep track of pages Hot list—keep track of pages AOLpress also allows you to keep a Hot List from session to session. This is a list of Web sites (URLs) that you think you might visit frequently, or that you want to remember and access easily. Unlike the history list, the Hot List is maintained after you finish your session and exit AOLpress. This list is stored in your AOLpress preferences file, which AOLpress creates Tools Preferences internally when you use any ➙ item. Deleting this file erases your list. Adding or opening a page ➙To add or open a page: 1 Location Go to that page in the Page Window (enter the URL in the field, or if you 3 Browse Global History have visited it already choose it either from the ➙ menu or by Browsi Location scrolling the arrow to the right of the field). 2 Browse Add To Hot List Choose the ➙ menu item to add the page to the list. To see Browse HotList the list, choose the menu item ➙ . n g with AOLpress Collection of commonly visited Web locations 3 Double-clicking on any entry in the Hot List brings up that page in the Page Fetch Window, or you can single-click on any entry to select it, then click the Fetch button. If no entry is selected, the button is inactive. You can open a Hot List item without opening a new page by using the Copy URL button to copy the URL of an item to the clipboard. Then, in a Page Window, paste Location the URL into the field. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 41 Browsing with AOLpress Where to browse Editing and formatting the Hot List When you add a page to your Hot List, it is added to the end of the list. You can edit and rearrange your Hot List. The buttons in the Hot List have these functions: Fetch Causes the selected page to be displayed in the Page Window. Click on Fetch after you have selected an entry from the list. Close Closes the Hot List Window. AddLabel Allows you to add a label above a selection in the list. When you click on Add Label , a window appears and asks you for the name of the label. Type the name in the box indicated. AddSeparator Adds a line across the list above the selected item. MoveUp Select an entry, a separator, or a label. Click Move Up to raise the selection one notch up the list. MoveDown Move Down Select an entry, a separator, or a label. Click to lower the selection one notch down the list. Remove Removes the selection from the list. CopyURL Paste Copies the URL of the selection. You may then the URL. Help Invokes the help window about the Hot List. Where to browse There are lots of resources — both printed and online — for finding interesting places to visit on the Web. We won’t attempt to give you a list here. However, if you are searching for something in particular, here are some places to start your search: ♦ Excite, search the Web, news, and newsgroups—http://www.excite.com/ ♦ Yahoo, use a catalog of Web sites—http://www.yahoo.com/ ♦ Infoseek, search the Web and more—http://www.infoseek.com/ You use a Page window for browsing with AOLpress. You can use the same window to create Web pages. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 42 Part 2 2Creating Pages Part 2 shows you how to use AOLpress to create the kinds of things you may want to put in your Web pages. Read Chapter 4 to get a quick overview of the kinds of things you can put in your Web pages with AOLpress. Read Chapter 5 to learn how to create and save a new Web page. Read Chapter 6 to learn how to add text, lists, and formatting to your pages. Read Chapter 7 to learn how to add tables to your pages. Read Chapter 8 to learn how to add images and color to your pages. Read Chapter 9 to learn how to add links and multimedia to your pages. Read Chapter 10 to learn how to add frames to your pages. Read Chapter 11 to learn how to uses forms in your pages. Read Chapter 12 to learn how to view and edit the HTML for your pages. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 43 Chapter 4 4Web Pages and What to Put in Them What you’ll find in this chapter: Things Web pages can contain 46 Figuring out how a page was created 51 Page design guidelines 51 You’ve probably browsed the Web and seen things you’d like to put in your pages. How do you figure out how these things were created so that you can do the same thing? This chapter will describe the kinds of things you can put in your Web pages. We’ll also give you hints for using AOLpress to figure out how something was created. Later chapters will tell you the steps for putting these things in your pages. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 45 Web Pages and What to Put in Them Things Web pages can contain Things Web pages can contain You can’t always tell how a Web page was created just by looking at it. Web designers use plenty of tricks to make pages look the way they do. Often, there are several ways to create a similar look. The sections that follow list formats you may see in Web pages. They briefly describe ways to create each format and refer you to the section of this book that gives the appropriate step-by-step instructions. Text For information about putting text in your pages, see Chapter 6. ♦ Different fonts: You can easily make text bold or italic. Or, you can switch to a “typewriter” font like this one . (page 70) Normally, you don’t control the fonts used by your reader’s browser. However, when you are an advanced user, you can change the font if you edit the HTML directly (page 82). Sometimes the text you see in a page is really an image (page 91). For example, if you want special effects like text with a shadow behind it, you might create an image of that text. Try to select the text by dragging your mouse in AOLpress. If you can’t select it like normal text, it’s probably an image. ♦ larger smaller Bigger or smaller text: You make text or by changing the type size (page 72). You can also change the size of text by changing a paragraph to a heading (page 74). ♦ Colored text: You can change the color of all the text and links in a page by changing the page attributes (page 102). You can change the color of some indi- vidual text by changing the type color (page 72). ♦ Indented paragraphs: You can indent a paragraph by making it a “blockquote” (page 75), by using definition lists (page 78), or by creating a table with hidden borders (page 84). ♦ Columns of text: You can create columns of text by creating a table (page 84). ♦ Spacing between paragraphs: Normally, there is space after each paragraph. You can remove the space by using a line break instead of a new paragraph (page 63). ♦ Centered or right-justified text: Normally, text is left-justified. You can center or right-justify text by aligning the paragraph (page 73). If the text is in a table, you can align the contents of the table cell horizontally and vertically (page 87), and you can center the table itself (page 87). ♦ Text overlapping images: You can’t overlap text and images (or two images) in a page. You can use some other graphics program to create an image that includes text overlaping the image. Or, you can use a background picture for your page. Then, text in your page will appear to overlap the background picture (page 102). User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 46 Web Pages and What to Put in Them Things Web pages can contain Lists For information about putting lists in your pages, see Chapter 6. ♦ Bulleted lists: If you want a dot to appear to the left of each item in a list, you can create a bulleted list (page 76). Other symbols appear if you have a list within a list. If you want to use some other image as a bullet, you can insert your own image (page 94). If any bulleted item is longer than one line, you may want to use a table with hidden borders to make the text line up correctly (page 84). ♦ Numbered lists: To number list items, create a numbered list (page 76). ♦ Indented lists: If you want a list that contains terms with indented definitions, you 4 can create a definition list (page 78). W e Tables b For information about putting tables in your pages, see Chapter 7. Pages ♦ Tables with wide You can make the borders around a table or the spacing borders: between table cells as wide or narrow as you like when an you change the table layout (page 84). ♦ Columns of text: If you see text columns that are narrower than the d W window, the designer probably used a table with no h borders (page 89). The empty space may be an extra at to column (that contains spaces or an invisible image). ♦ Centered tables: Normally, a table is shown on the left side of a page. Put You can also center a table (page 87). i n Images and Animation The AOLpress doesn’t create images; it lets you put images you create with other software into your Web pages. Here are some m hints about the kinds of images you can create and use. For information about putting images in your pages, see Chapter 8. ♦ Creating or finding images: There are lots of software programs for creating images. You’ll want to find one or more that can create GIF or JPEG files. Another way to get images is to look for free clip art on the Web (page 92). ♦ Buttons: The gray buttons you see in forms are part of the form (page 148). Other buttons you see in Web pages are images of buttons. ♦ Horizontal dividers: For a simple line, create a horizontal rule (page 99). For rules of other colors and sizes, use an image or advanced HTML (page 104). Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 47 Web Pages and What to Put in Them Things Web pages can contain ♦ Pictures linked to another place: You can link an image just as you would link text (page 98). If you don’t want a border shown around a linked image, turn off the link border for the image (page 94). ♦ Pictures with links to several other places: Pictures that link to several other places are called “image maps” (page 98), because a common use is to create links within a map. Sometimes images that look like image maps are really several images with no space between them. (Hold down the Ctrl key and double-click on an image to find the edges of the image.) ♦ Pictures you can see through: You can create “transparent” GIF files so that the background color or image shows through in transparent areas. This lets you create images that look like other shapes even though they are all really rectangles. ♦ Pictures next to paragraphs: You can make text wrap to the left or right of an image (page 94). You can also use tables to put images next to text (page 86). ♦ Animated pictures and video: The easiest way to create animated pictures is to use other software programs to create “animated GIFs.” You won’t see the anima- tion in AOLpress, but you will when you use browsers that support animated GIFs. Other ways to create animation are to use other software programs that create Java, ActiveX, or a video format such as MPEG or QuickTime. Your readers may need to download special viewers to see these kinds of videos. ♦ Pictures that do something when you click on them: If you see an image that does something when you click on it, the image is either a Java applet or an ActiveX control. AOLpress lets you put Java applets into your pages (page 121), but you can’t see or use either Java applets or ActiveX controls within AOLpress. ♦ A background color or image: You can change the background color of the page or use a background image by setting the page attributes (page 102). Since the background image repeats to fill the page, you can use a small image to fill all the space. You can also use wide or tall background images to create interesting borders on the left side or top of the page. ♦ Fancy font styles: Sometimes the text you see in a page is really an image (page 94). For example, if you want special effects like text with a shadow behind it, you might create an image of that text. Try to select the text by dragging your mouse in AOLpress. If you can’t select it like normal text, it’s probably an image. ♦ Overlapping images: You can’t overlap two images in a page. However, you can cut the images into rectangular pieces to make it look like the images overlap. Instead of this: Do this: User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 48 Web Pages and What to Put in Them Things Web pages can contain Links For information about putting links in your pages, see Chapter 9. ♦ Links to another page: Links help people move from place to place (page 108). ♦ Links to a specific position in a page: If you create an anchor somewhere in a page, a link can jump to that position (page 109). ♦ Links to send email: You can create a link that opens a page that lets the reader send an email message (page 115). ♦ Links to download a file: You can create a link to download a file (page 116). ♦ Extra buttons in the toolbar: You can add buttons to the toolbar for readers using 4 AOLpress (page 117). W e b Sound Pages AOLpress doesn’t create sound files; it lets you put links to sound files you’ve created with other software into your Web pages. For information about putting multimedia in your pages, see Chapter 9. an ♦ Click to play a sound: You can create a link to play a sound file (page 116). d W ♦ Background sound: You can make sound play when someone loads your page (page 126). h Frames at to For information about putting frames in your pages, see Chapter 10. Put i ♦ Divide a page into sections: You can create frames to divide a page into sections. n The sections can be scrollable or not scrollable. For example, you can use frames The to display a navigation menu on the left, right, top, or bottom edge of the window. Forms m For information about putting forms in your pages, see Chapter 11. ♦ Forms with various fields: You can create forms with a wide variety of field types (page 140). ♦ Forms for sending email and other things: If you have a PrimeHost hosting service account, several programs are provided to process the information sent from a form (page 138). ♦ Counter that shows how many times a page is visited: If you have a PrimeHost hosting service account, a “hit counter” is provided to show how many visits your page receives (page 99). Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 49 Web Pages and What to Put in Them Things Web pages can contain Advanced Tools There are many advanced languages and tools you can use on the Web. Here’s a sample list. You can learn more about these languages and tools from other books. ♦ HTML: This is the language Web pages are written in. When you use AOLpress, you don’t need to learn HTML to create Web pages. However, you can edit the HTML and add special features that you can’t create directly with AOLpress (page 153). For example, by editing the HTML you can use different fonts, add colored backgrounds to table cells, set the width of a table, change the bullet symbol or number for a list item, or change the width and color of a horizontal rule. For infor- mation about editing HTML directly, see Chapter 12. ♦ Javascript: This is a language you can use to control how the Web browser behaves. For example, you can create scrolling status bar messages, put text in fields, make pages load automatically like a slide show, and more. ♦ Java: This is a language you can use to create software that runs in your Web pages. The language is similar to C++, but there are software tools that simplify creating Java “applets.” AOLpress helps you add Java applets to your pages (page 121). You’ll need to use another browser to test your applets. ♦ ActiveX: This is Microsoft’s language for creating software that runs in your Web pages. You can add ActiveX controls to your pages by editing the HTML directly. ♦ Cookies: These are files you send to be stored on a reader’s computer. If they visit again, you can read this file to learn what they did last time. ♦ Selling: If you want to sell products on your Web site, you can use the PrimeHost hosting service Storefront Solution (http://www.primehost.com/prices/store.htm). ♦ Searching: There are various tools for searching a Web site. If you have a Prime- Host hosting service account, you can allow visitors to search your Web pages. ♦ Database interaction: If you have data stored in a database, there are various ways to put that information into Web pages. If you have a PrimeHost hosting service account, you can create and use a database with your Web site. ♦ Server-parsed HTML: You can use this language to automatically add some information to a page. For example, you could put the same header and footer information on all my pages automatically. Or, you could insert a file that changes frequently within a page without having to update the page whenever the file changes (http://www.aolserver.com/server/docs/2.1/html/shtml.htm). ♦ Perl, Tcl, C, and other languages: Many other languages can be used to process forms and update information dynamically. ♦ And more...: New things you can do on the Web are being added all the time. The next section gives you some hints for figuring out how something was done in a Web page you like. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 50 Web Pages and What to Put in Them Figuring out how a page was created Figuring out how a page was created If you want to know how something in a Web page was created, open the page with AOLpress and try any of these tricks: ➙ ■ Format Show Border Choose the menu item. You will see dotted lines around the cells in any hidden tables. You will also see dotted lines at the beginning and end of any lists or forms. ■ Select the item with your mouse in AOLpress. (If the item is linked to some other page, hold down the Ctrl key so that AOLpress doesn’t follow the link.) You can use this trick to find the edges of an image. ■ Format 4 With the item selected, look at the first two commands in the menu. They let you exit from or remove the item’s format. The command names tell you W whether the item has a paragraph, heading, list, or table format. For example, if you e Exit Table Format Remove Table Format b are in a table, the commands will be and . ■ Click your right mouse button on an item you have selected (or you can choose the Pages ➙ Element Get Attribute menu item). If there is a window that lets you control this type of item, you will see that window. ➙ an ■ Tools Show HTML Highlight the item and choose the menu item. You will see the actual code that defines this item highlighted. Even if you don’t know much d W HTML, you can probably guess what kind of item this is by looking at the tags. h Page design guidelines at to Creating Web pages is easy with AOLpress. But, creating well-designed Web pages Put requires a little thought. The following hints will help you plan and create better pages. Entire books are devoted to good page design, so remember, this is just an overview. i n Browsers Display Pages Differently The Different Web browsers display pages in slightly different ways. The best strategy is m to test your pages with common Web browsers such as Netscape and Internet Explorer. If you can, see what your pages look like on both a Macintosh and a PC. Get your friends to tell you if your pages look right on their computers. HTML vs. Word Processors Creating Web pages with AOLpress is almost, but not quite, like using a word processor. The difference is that the language used to create Web pages is more “structure oriented” than “display oriented.” That is, you create a heading, and the reader’s browser decides what a heading should look like. This is useful because you don’t know the size of your readers’ screens or what fonts they can use. The reader also decides how big to make the browser window. This limitation is changing as Netscape and Microsoft add more capabilities for specifying fonts, font sizes, and window sizes. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 51 Web Pages and What to Put in Them Page design guidelines Headings ♦ Hdg 3 Do not use header levels smaller than for text you want to be read easily. ♦ Typically, the title of the page should also be in the text of the page as a heading. Images and graphics Alignment Element Image Bottom Left ♦ In the box under the ➙ menu item, check the , , or Right button for images, so text wraps nicely for those readers who make their window narrow. If you use Middle Top or there will be a large gap between lines. ♦ Some readers still use browsers that don’t display images. You should add some text in the Text for non-graphic browsers field for these readers. • For non-linked images this field should describe the image. • For linked images this field should tell where the link goes. • Text for non-graphic browsers Use brackets to surround the text in the field, for example [Lightning bolt image] . ♦ Keep image files smaller than about 30 Kbytes. Organize a set of Web pages ♦ Put important information or links near the top of the page, so that readers don’t need to scroll down to see it. ♦ When including textual or pictorial navigation aids, place cues on the left side to go back or to the previous page. Use the right side to go forward or to the next page. ♦ To keep the reader from getting lost, organize the information in a hierarchical format with 2-5 layers. • Let readers move down the hierarchy quickly by providing a table or contents, index, or menus. • Provide header and/or footer navigation bars (text or graphics) for moving up and down throughout the hierarchy. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 52 Chapter 5 5Creating and Saving Pages What you’ll find in this chapter: Creating a blank page 54 Editing and saving an existing page 55 Importing a document 56 Selecting files 58 AOLpress is an easy-to-use word processor for creating and editing Web pages. As you create a page, it looks like does when you view it with a browser. Behind the scenes, AOLpress creates the page in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). You never have to look at the HTML, although you may edit the HTML with AOLpress if you want to. You can create a new Web page in any of these ways: ♦ Start editing a new, blank page. ♦ Start editing any other Web page, and save it to a new location. ♦ Start with a document in some other format, and import it into a Web page. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 53 Creating and Saving Pages Creating a blank page Creating a blank page If you do not have documents in another format that you can import, you can create pages from scratch. There are several ways to open a blank page. Creating a new, blank page ➙Open a new empty page: ➙ ➙ ■ File New New Page Choose from the menus. ■ If you want to use an existing page as a template for new pages, you can create a MiniWeb and make your template the “stationery” for that MiniWeb by choosing Edit➙Set Stationery . Then, when you create a new page, it will start with the contents of your stationery page. See page 171 for details. Setting the start-up page default When you run AOLpress, you see the “Welcome to AOLpress” page. To change the ➙ ➙ Startup View Tools Preferences Genera startup page, change the in the l window. ➙Set the start-up page: 1 ➙ ➙ Tools Preferences General Choose Menu item . 2 Select one of three choices for the Startup View: ■ Home Page—opens with the page you specify. ■ Blank Page—opens with a new empty page. ■ MiniWeb—opens with a new MiniWeb and a new empty page in the MiniWeb. ■ Nothing—doesn’t open any page or MiniWeb initially. AOLpress uses two kinds of windows: Page windows and MiniWeb windows. You use Page windows to browse and author individual Web pages, and you use MiniWeb windows to work on a collections of related pages. Page windows and MiniWeb windows have different menus and commands. However, the basic commands — such as drag-and-drop and copy and paste — work the same in both windows. See page 159 to learn more about MiniWebs. Recovering lost pages AOLpress stores backup copies of pages you have edited but have not saved. If you restart AOLpress after a crash, it opens these copies and tells you it is recovering old files. You can continue editing these files and save them without losing much work. If AOLpress is trying to recover files that don’t exist each time you start AOLpress, you can delete the files in the “autosave” folder inside the AOLpress folder. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 54 Creating and Saving Pages Editing and saving an existing page Editing and saving an existing page One of the most useful features of AOLpress is that it lets you browse and author at the same time. You can save pages you visit on the Web to your local files for editing. Saving a page to your local folder provides a quick way to format the page and then publish it on your PrimeHost hosting service directory. (But, remember that copyright law also applies to the Web, so you shouldn’t use someone else’s text or images without permission.) File Copy File You can also copy an existing page to a new location with the ➙ menu item. You can edit that new file without making changes to the existing page. See page 172 for details about copying files with AOLpress. ➙Saving an existing page to a new location: 5 1 Browse to find the page you want to start editing. Crea 2 File➙Save As Save the page with a new name. Choose the menu item , and save the page to a folder on your local disk. (For details on using file selection windows, see ting and Saving Pages page 58. For details on saving files to your PrimeHost hosting service directory and to other locations, see page 181.) Save As ■ Because you are creating a new page, you will see the window. If File Save you’ve already saved this page, choosing ➙ will save your page without displaying this window. ■ If you want to be able to use file names longer than 8 characters (and you are Tools Preferences General not using Windows 3.1), choose ➙ ➙ . Make sure the “MiniWebs create as” field is set to “Macintosh” if you are using a Macintosh and “Posix” if you are using UNIX or a version of Windows that supports long file names. (If you are using Windows 3.1, set the field to “DOS”.) Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 55 Creating and Saving Pages Importing a document Importing a document If you have a document that is stored in another format, you can import it into a Web page with AOLpress. The formats you can import are: ♦ HTML pages ♦ Plain Text (with line breaks at the end of each line or at the end of each paragraph) ➙Import text from another Web page: 1 Place your cursor where you want to insert the file. 2 ➙ File Import Choose the menu . You will see this window. (For details on using such file selection windows, see page 58.) 3 Import When you click , the file and any included images are inserted at your cursor. This window has the following choices: Import Imports whatever page is selected in the window into the document where your cursor is placed. Cancel Closes the Import window. Scan Browse your local files or your hosting service directory. If you enter a site that you don’t have permission to browse, the message “Cannot Browse Location” appears in the box where the file names would other- wise appear. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 56 Creating and Saving Pages Importing a document 4 File➙Import Options Within the window is the button. Click this button to see the following choices: None If there are any images in the page you are importing, they are not 5 Crea imported to the same folder that contains the page. If you want the imported page to reference the images in their original loca- tion, check the Relative Links to Full URL field. Relative All relative images are saved locally into your folder, and they ting and Saving Pages are linked within the text of the document as local images. See page 106 for an explanation of relative and absolute references All All image files in the document are copied to your folder. Relative Links All relative links in the imported page are converted to absolute to Full URL URLs. Use Base when You can ignore this field. Checking it has no effect when you possible import from most pages. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 57 Creating and Saving Pages Selecting files Selecting files File Several commands in the menu windows let you select a file. In addition, the Browse buttons in various windows open similar windows. These windows let you manipulate files on both your local disks and on your PrimeHost hosting service directory. When you save or open a file, you may be prompted for a user name and password if the file or location is protected. MS Windows The file selection windows under Microsoft Windows are much like file selection windows in other Windows software. ♦ Drives / Sites In addition to selecting local disk drives (such as C:\), the field lets you select directories you’ve published to, such as your PrimeHost hosting service directory or your AOL personal publishing directory ( http://members.aol.com/members). See page 202 to learn how to add more directories to this list. ♦ Location c:\mydir\index.htm The field uses Windows file paths, such as for Location field uses URLs, such as local files. For files on a server, the http://members.aol.com/members/myfile.htm . For pages, use a file extension of .htm (for example, mypage.htm). For MiniWebs, use no file extension. ♦ MiniWebs are stored both as directories and files, so they show up in both lists. Directory Double-click on a MiniWeb in the list to see a list of the files in the MiniWeb. Double-click on a MiniWeb in the Files list to perform the window’s action on the MiniWeb. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 58 Creating and Saving Pages Selecting files Macintosh File selection windows on a Macintosh contain several additional fields. Browse up folder tree Select a file or folder Select a server 5 Location field Crea Type of file to look for ♦ Location ting and Saving Pages You can type the full location of the file or an URL directly into the field Sites (the unlabeled field below the field). Disks, folders, and files are separated by colons (:) in this field. For example, BigDrive:Web Pages:Club:index.htm is a file in the Club folder of the Web Pages folder on a drive called “BigDrive”. ♦ Sites In addition to local disks, the field lets you select Web locations you’ve published to, such as your PrimeHost hosting service directory or your AOL members personal publishing directory (http://members.aol.com/ ). See page 202 to learn how to add AOLservers, MiniWebs, and folders to this list. ♦ After you use the Sites field and the scrolling list of files and folders to find a direc- Location tory, you can type a file name at the end of the text in the field (below the Sites field). To make your pages portable to all other platforms, it is best to use file names with 8 characters and no spaces. For pages, use a file extension of .htm (for example, my_page.htm). For MiniWebs, use no file extension. ♦ Desktop The button moves you to the files and folders on the Macintosh desktop. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 59 Creating and Saving Pages Selecting files User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 60 Chapter 6 6Creating Text and Lists What you’ll find in this chapter: Page titles 62 Creating text 62 Editing text 65 Formatting text 70 Paragraph formats 73 Lists 76 Removing formats 81 Learning more... 82 Editing and formatting text and lists in AOLpress is similar to editing and formatting text with an ordinary word processor. You don’t need to know the technical details about the HTML code AOLpress is creating behind the scenes. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 61 Creating Text and Lists Page titles Page titles Every page has a title. The title is different from the file name — it is the text that will be shown in the title bar at the top of a window displaying the page. Changing the title will not change the file name or Web address of a page, nor will changing the file name change the title. For your titles, choose about half a dozen words that describe the document’s contents. Search engines often use page titles first when assigning keywords for finding a page. ➙Title a page: 1 Title Move your cursor to the field near the top of the AOLpress window and type a new title for the page. 2 Location The web in the icon next to the field breaks, to show that you have unsaved changes. Saving the page changes this icon back. Icon for a new, unsaved Icon for pages with Icon for saved pages pages unsaved changes Creating text As you move the mouse over the Page window, the cursor is I-shaped. When you click the mouse in the text, a flashing I-shaped cursor marks the point where text will be placed when you type. Once you have positioned the cursor, there are several ways to get text into your page. ➙Type text into your page: ■ Type on the keyboard. The text appears at the cursor position. You do not see any HTML tags around text you type. (HTML is the language used to format Web pages. For example, a paragraph begins with a “

” tag.) If you ➙ Tools Show HTML want to see and edit the HTML code, choose the menu item. ➙Copy text from another page: 1 Copy With the mouse, highlight the text you want to copy, and click the icon. (You can even copy and paste text from some other application to AOLpress. For example, in Microsoft Word or PowerPoint, select text and Edit➙Copy then choose the menu item.) User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 62 Creating Text and Lists Creating text 2 Return to the Web page you are editing, position the cursor where you Paste Edit Paste want to place the text, and click on the icon (or choose ➙ or press Ctrl-V). ➙Drag-and-drop from other page windows: 1 In any AOLpress page window, highlight the text you want to move. (You cannot drag-and-drop from other applications to AOLpress.) 2 Holding the cursor down on the highlighted text, drag the text to the page and loca- tion where you want to put it. 3 Release the cursor. The text is removed from where you selected it, and placed into the new location. ➙Importing text: 6 C You can import text from another page or a text file into a page. For details see page 56. r New paragraphs and forced line breaks eat When you reach the end of a line, you don’t need to press the key to move ing to the next line. This happens automatically. Pressing starts a new para- Te graph. Browsers automatically adjust the line lengths in paragraphs if you change xt and the size of the window. ➙ Create a new paragraph — with a space after the previous paragraph: List ■ Press the Enter (or Return) key to start a s new paragraph. ■ In the middle of a list, you can add a new paragraph without creating another list item by choosing the Format Paragraph New ➙ ➙ menu item. ➙Create a Forced Line Break—same paragraph, one line below: Element Forced Line Break ■ Press Shift-Enter (or Shift-Return) or choose ➙ . A line separated by a forced line break is still part of the same paragraph as the line above and is subject to that paragraph’s formatting. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 63 Creating Text and Lists Creating text Spaces Normally in HTML, any number of spaces is shown as one space. This means if you type two spaces, you will only see one. If you type a tab it will also show up as a space. You can use the following methods in AOLpress to move text horizontally. ➙Move text horizontally: ■ The best way to align text into columns is to use tables. See page 84 for details. ■ Another way to add horizontal spaces is ➙ Tools to choose ➙ Preferences General and check “Non-Breaking” in the Text Edit Spacing field. Then, you can type multiple spaces. However, some browsers show these non-breaking spaces as “ ” instead of as a space. If you select “One” in this field, you can only type one blank space at a time. ➙ ■ Format Para- Another way to add spaces is to highlight the paragraph and choose ➙ graph Preformatted to change the paragraph to a fixed width font and allow you to align text by adding spaces. Special characters If you want to use special characters (such as punctuation or letters with accent marks) in your Web page, you can copy them into AOLpress. ➙To copy special characters: 1 ➙ Help Contents Choose . Follow the link to “access the reference information”. You might need to scroll the page to see this link. 2 Click on the “Special characters” link (after the “Text” bullet item in the right column). Again, you might need to scroll the page to see this link. 3 Find the characters you want to use and highlight it. 4 ➙ Edit Copy Choose or press Ctrl-C. 5 Move back to the page you are editing and put your cursor where you want to insert the special character. 6 ➙ Edit Paste Choose or press Ctrl-V. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 64 Creating Text and Lists Editing text Editing text You can edit text with the mouse and keyboard, similar to most word processors. Select the text you want to edit, then use any of editing techniques in the following list. ➙To edit text: ■ To delete text, select it, then press Backspace or Delete on the keyboard, or use the ➙ ➙ Edit Clear Edit Cut or menu. ■ “Drag-and-drop”: To move text, highlight it, hold the mouse button down and move the cursor to the desired new location, then release the mouse button. ➙ ➙ ■ Cut Paste Edit Edit Cut Edit Paste You can and text, either with the menu ( then ) or the Cut Paste and buttons on the toolbar. ■ To replace text, select it then type over it. 6 C ■ To move a line of text up or down, place the cursor above the line or at the left margin, then press the key to raise the line or the key (or r on some keyboards) to lower the line. eat ➙Use the keyboard to control the cursor: ing ■ The arrow keys move the insertion point one character or line in each direction. Te ■ Holding down the control key makes the left and right arrows move left and right xt and by a word rather than a character. (If your keyboard has word left/right keys they should work as well.) ■ The Home and End keys move to the start and end of the current paragraph respec- List tively. With the control key down they move to the start and end of the current line. ■ The Next (+Page, PgDown) key and the Prev (-Page, PgUp) keys move the inser- s tion point to the next or previous page, respectively. ■ Holding down the Shift key while you move the cursor with the keyboard selects text instead of just moving the cursor. ➙Edit text with the keyboard: ■ If your keyboard has Cut, Copy and Paste keys, then these perform as labeled. ■ Holding down the CTRL key when depressing the Copy key copies the URL. ■ Pressing Enter (or Return) starts a new paragraph in whatever way seems appro- priate. For example, in a list it creates a new list item. ■ Pressing CTRL+J (at the end of a list, header, or form) exits the current format (list, header, or form) and starts a new paragraph in whatever way seems appropriate. ■ Pressing Backspace (or CTRL+H) deletes the last character. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 65 Creating Text and Lists Editing text ■ Pressing CTRL+D deletes the next character. ■ Pressing Delete normally deletes the character to the right of the cursor, but you ➙ ➙ Tools Preferences can make it delete the character to the left by choosing the General menu item and checking the UNIX Style Delete field. ■ On a Macintosh, pressing Delete does a backspace. ■ Pressing CTRL+U deletes to the beginning of the line. Finding and replacing text Edit➙Find/Replace opens a window that lets you find or replace text in the current page. Type characters to search for Type characters to replace with Choose method of search ➙Find and replace text: 1 Type the characters to search for in the Find What box at the top. 2 Replace With Type the characters to replace these in the box underneath. 3 Search Options Optionally select one or more of the following : Whole Checking this box makes the match find only whole words that match Word the text you type. When this box is not checked, the program matches your text even if it is a part of a word. For example, if you check this box, searching for “cat” will match “cat” only, and not words like “catalog”. Match Checking this box makes the match case-sensitive. When this box is not Case checked, the program finds matches that use either upper or lower case letters. For example, if you check this box, searching for “ZIP” matches “ZIP”, but not “zip” or “Zip”. Search Checking this box makes the program search backward through the Back- page beginning at the cursor position. The default is to search forward. ward User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 66 Creating Text and Lists Editing text Search If you are finding and replacing in a MiniWeb, you can search the HTML HTML tags directly, see page 153 for more information. 4 Use the buttons on the right side of the window to control the search. Find Finds and selects the next match. Close Closes the window. Replace Replace Replaces the current selection with the characters in the With box. Replace All Finds and replaces all the characters that match in the entire page. Find Next Search Backward Finds the next match. The field controls whether this is the next match in the forward or backward direction. Wrap & Find Find Next 6 Same as , but starts over at the beginning of the page if it gets to the end of the page. C r Checking spelling eat You can check the spelling of the text in your page (or your entire MiniWeb) by using ing the Spell Checker. Te ➙To check spelling: xt and ➙ 1 Tools Spell Check Choose . 2 AOLpress will start checking your page List starting at your cursor location. If it doesn’t recognize a word, you will see the s Spell Check window. The unrecognized word is shown in the field at the top and suggested corrections are listed below. You can do these things to unrecognized words: ■ Correct: Select one of the suggested corrections or edit the word yourself. Replace Then click . If you want to fix all occurrences of the misspelled word automatically (even when you use the spell checker in future AOLpress Always Replace Replace sessions), check the box before you click the button. ■ If one of the suggested corrections is close to the word you want, Guess Again: Guess select that word and click . You will see a new list of suggested words. Replace Guess You can pick one of these words and use it to the word or again. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 67 Creating Text and Lists Editing text If you want AOLpress to suggest words that contain characters with accent Options marks, click the button and type the accented characters into the field provided. Type all the digits (1234567890) in this field if you want AOLpress to suggest words you have added to the dictionary that contain numbers. ■ Add to Dictionary: If the unrecognized word is one that you want AOLpress Learn to recognize in the future, click to add the word to the dictionary. ■ Ignore: If you want to allow a word without adding it to the dictionary, click Skip . The word will be ignored until you exit from AOLpress. 3 AOLpress continues moving forward through your page to check the spelling. If you started the spell check in the middle of the page, it goes back to check the first Done part of your page, too. When you finish checking your page, click to close the Spell Check window. You can control the lists of words that have been added to your AOLpress dictionary and words that will be automatically replaced by the spell checker. ➙To edit the list of learned words: 1 Options Click the button in the Spell Check window. You will see a window that looks like this one. 2 If you want to select a different Personal Dictionary or create a new one with no Select extra words, click the button. You will see a standard file selection window. You can select any dictionary you have created with AOLpress. To create a new dictionary, specify a file name with an extension of OK .hsh and click . 3 If you want to see or edit the list of Edit learned words, click the button for the Personal Dictionary. You will see a page like the following, which lists any words you have added to the dictionary. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 68 Creating Text and Lists Editing text 4 You can add words to this list or remove words. You must put exactly one word on each line. 5 When you are finished editing the list of words, save this page. The next time you spell check a page, the words you added will be recognized. ➙To edit the list of automatically replaced words: 1 Options Click the button in the Spell Check window to open the Spell Options window. 2 If you want to select a different list of replaced words or create an empty list, click the Select button. You will see a standard file selection window. You can select any replaced words list you have created with AOLpress. To create a new list, specify a file name with an extension of OK .rpl and click . 3 Edit 6 If you want to see or edit the list of automatically replaced words, click the button for the Replacement List. You will see a page that lists any words you have C replaced while the Always Replace box was checked. r eat ing Te xt and List 4 You can add words to this list or remove words. Put exactly two words on each line. s The first word should be the one you want to replace. The second word should be the one you want to replace it with. 5 When you finish editing the list of replaced words, save this page. The next time you spell check a page, the words you listed will be replaced automatically. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 69 Creating Text and Lists Formatting text Formatting text Text can be given distinctive styles, like bold, italic, fixed width, and more. To Format Type Style format the text you have selected, use the ➙ menu. Type styles are applied to individual characters (and strings of characters like words and sentences), as opposed to whole paragraphs or other page elements. Some paragraph styles also affect how text looks — for example, Headings and Quotations. You can use the type styles described in this section to further modify the type style of a Heading or other paragraph style. AOLpress provides two categories of type styles: formatted (physical) styles and logical styles. You can also change the type size (see page 72) and type color (see page 72) of any text. Formatted type styles Formatted type styles are styles that have a specific meaning, for example, bold or italic. Regardless of the browser used to view your page, text with formatted styles always appear in that style. AOLpress has these formatted styles: Plain Plain text Bold Bold text Italic Italicized text Underline Underlined text Fixed Pitch a monospaced font such as Courier – Superscript – a smaller point size of the current font, elevated above the baseline – Subscript – a smaller point size of the current font, moved slightly below the baseline Logical type styles Logical text styles describe how a particular word or phrase is used. In contrast, “formatted type styles” describe how a word or phrase should be displayed. Logical type styles have no “standard” appearance. Different browsers may display these styles in different ways. For example the “emphasis” style may be italicized on some browsers and shown in bold on others. The deleted text and new text styles are HTML 3.2 styles that are not yet supported by all browsers. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 70 Creating Text and Lists Formatting text The logical styles are: Deleted Text Text has been deleted, for example in a legal document or a software specification. By default, a line strikes through the text. New Text Text that has been added to a document. By default, the text is dark gray and change bars are added to the page. Citation A reference to a book, article, or other work, for example, “For more information, see Taylor, The Life of Birds”. Code Words or phrases that are part of code examples or commands, for example, “ls *doc ”. Definition A defined word or phrase, for example “The second to last item is the penultimate item”. Emphasis An emphasized word or phrase. Some other browsers show 6 C this style in italics. r Keyboard Text intended to be typed in by the reader on a command eat Sample line or other text-entry environment. ing Example text, similar to code. Strong Strongly emphasized text (stronger than the emphasis Te style). By default, AOLpress shows this style in red. Some xt and other browsers show this style in bold. Variable A place holder for some other value in a command line or sample text, for example, “To print a file, use the print List file name command, where file name is the file you want to print” s Applying and removing type styles Both formatted and logical styles are cumulative, that is, you can apply several styles to a selection. When a style has been applied to a selection, that style name has a check Format Type Style next to it in the ➙ menu. ➙Apply a type style: 1 Select the text you want to apply a style to. 2 Format Type Style Choose a type style from the ➙ menu. ■ You can apply more than one style at a time to text. To do this, repeat step 2 while the selected text is still highlighted. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 71 Creating Text and Lists Formatting text ➙Remove a single type style from a selection: 1 Select the text that has the style you want to remove. 2 ➙ Format Type Style Choose the type style (checked) you want to remove using the menu. ➙Remove all type styles from a selection: 1 Select the text you want to revert to plain text. 2 ➙ ➙ Format Type Style Plain Choose . ➙ ■ Use Edit Undo if you want to correct a recent formatting choice. The text you selected reverts to the default style of the surrounding text. Type sizes You can make text bigger or smaller by changing the type size. Bigger To make the text larger than the surrounding text, choose ➙ ➙ Format Type Size Bigger . Font size changes are cumulative. You can apply this style multiple times to text to increase the font size further. The actual font size varies on different browsers. Smaller To make the text smaller than the surrounding text, choose ➙ ➙ Format Type Size Smaller. You can apply this style multiple times to text to decrease the font size further. In AOLpress, you can make text 1 or 2 sizes smaller (depending on the paragraph format) and up to 4 sizes bigger. Other browsers may support even bigger or smaller sizes. Even if you don’t see the font size change in AOLpress when you apply an even bigger or smaller size, other Web browsers may show a size difference. Type colors ➙To add color to selected text: 1 Highlight the text you want to change to a different color. 2 ➙ Choose the Format Type Color menu. 3 Custom Choose from the list of colors, or select to choose a color from a color Default picking window. Selecting sets the type back to the default color for the page. The sixteen colors listed are the standard color for 16-color PCs. If you want to change the color of all the text in a page, see page 102. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 72 Creating Text and Lists Paragraph formats Paragraph formats You can give paragraphs a format — like Heading, Numbered List, or Blockquote — Format to format your page. You use the menu to assign paragraph formats. In most word processors, to include the paragraph format when you copy text, you copy the entire line at the end of the paragraph. In AOLpress, you need to copy the blank line before the paragraph, instead. (The information about the paragraph format is stored before the paragraph.) Normal paragraphs Normal paragraphs start at the left margin with no indenting or special type styles. ➙Change a paragraph back to a normal paragraph: 6 1 Select the text you want to change back C r 2 ➙ eat Format Remove Format Choose the menu item. Aligning paragraphs ing You can make any paragraph, heading, or list centered, right aligned, or aligned on Te both the left and right. You can even align text that wraps next to an image. Note that xt and some browsers (such as Netscape) do not support Align Flush . ➙Align a paragraph: 1 Place the cursor in the paragraph, heading, or list you want to align or justify. List 2 ➙ s Format Paragraph Align Left Align Right Align Center With the menu item, choose , , , Flush Align Default , or . (“Align Flush” aligns both the left and right edges of the text. “Align Default” removes any previous paragraph alignment.) Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 73 Creating Text and Lists Paragraph formats Headings AOLpress gives you six heading levels, from Hdg 1, the largest, to Hdg 6, the smallest. You use headings to title sections and to show the structure of your page. They are set off from the text with a larger font, bold text, or other form of emphasis. ➙Apply a heading to text: 1 Place the cursor where you want the heading to start. 2 ➙ Format Heading Choose a heading type from the menu. 3 Type your heading text. ➙Apply a heading to existing text: 1 Position the cursor in the line of text you want to affect. 2 ➙ Format Heading Choose a Heading type from the menu. ➙Change a heading format: 1 Select all of the text in the heading. 2 ➙ Format Heading Choose the new heading level you want to use from the list. ➙Remove a heading format: 1 Position the cursor anywhere in the heading text. 2 ➙ Format Remove Heading Format Choose the menu item. (Or, you can use Edit➙Undo to undo a recent formatting choice.) User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 74 Creating Text and Lists Paragraph formats Blockquotes, preformatted text, and addresses Block Quotations are used for long passages of quoted material to be indented from regular paragraphs. Preformatted text is used when you want tabs, spaces, and line breaks in the text preserved, for example, for code samples that must appear as they are typed. Most browsers display Preformatted text in a monospaced font like Courier. Addresses are typically used at 6 C the top or the bottom of a page to indicate the owner of the r document, when it was last eat changed, any copyright information, or any other administrative information for the ing page. Address signatures are usually in italics and indented, by default. ➙Apply paragraph formats: Te 1 Place the insertion point where you want the structure to begin, or position the xt and cursor in the paragraph you want to affect. 2 ➙ Format Paragraph Choose one of these three structures from the menu. List ➙Change paragraph formats: s 1 Position the cursor in the paragraph you want to affect. 2 ➙ BlockQuote Preformatted Address Format Paragraph Choose , , or from the menu. ➙Remove paragraph formats: 1 Position the cursor in the paragraph you want to affect. 2 ➙ Format Remove Paragraph Format Choose the menu . Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 75 Creating Text and Lists Lists Lists Lists are useful for organizing related text. They combine a group of lines, all separated by line breaks, into a single structure. There are three types of lists: ♦ Bulleted lists are indented with bullets marking each item. Bulleted lists are useful for listing items that can appear in any order. This structure indents and indicates items by bullets or squares. ♦ Numbered lists have sequential numbers. Numbered lists are best for items that are ordered in a specific sequence, as with procedures. ♦ Definition lists have a term line followed by a further-indented definition para- graph.The term and definition structure is repeated throughout the list. You can add, delete, and rearrange list items. You can also nest lists. Nested lists have multiple levels of sub-lists and can be mixed. For example, a Numbered list can be nested within a Definition or Bulleted list, or another Numbered list. Bulleted and numbered lists Bullets are not characters that can be selected. Think of them as part of the line break between paragraphs. The only way to select or delete bullets is to select or delete the line break. ➙Apply a bulleted or numbered list structure: 1 Place the insertion point where you want the Bulleted or Numbered list to begin when you type Or, select the text you want to turn into a list. 2 ➙ Bulleted List Numbered List Format List Choose or from the menu. You cannot select the numbers or bullets associated with a list. They are part of the structure, but not part of the context. ➙End the current list structure: 1 Place the cursor anywhere in the list. 2 ➙ Format Exit List Format Choose . The cursor moves to the line below the list, and leaves it unstructured. Exiting from a nested list takes you out one level. Repeat the Exit command to continue to move out. To move completely out of the list, place the cursor below the list and click. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 76 Creating Text and Lists Lists ➙Paste or type new items: 1 Place the cursor at the end of the line before the new item you want to add. 2 Press Enter (or Return) to provide a line for the new item. 3 Paste Type text or previously typed list items. Several list items can be pasted in at once. The items below the new items shift downward to accommodate the new list items. ➙Delete or move items within the list: ■ Use basic editing conventions—cut, copy, paste, and backspace. If you add or delete an item in the middle of a Numbered list, all the items below it are automatically renumbered to reflect the change. (If the numbers look odd, scroll up and down to refresh the screen.) 6 C r ➙Add a normal paragraph within a list: eat ■ Normally, when you press the Enter (or Return) key within a list, the bullet or ing number for the next item is added automatically. However, sometimes you want to add a second paragraph to a single list item. Te ➙ ➙ xt and Format Paragraph New To add a second paragraph within a list, choose . ➙Remove a list structure (that is, make it unstructured): 1 ➙ List Format Remove List Format Place the cursor in the list, and choose . ■ Individual items in a list cannot be unstructured. You must unstructure the s whole list at once. ➙ Edit Undo ■ Use if you want to correct a recent formatting choice. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 77 Creating Text and Lists Lists Definition Lists Definition lists contain indented Terms followed by their Definitions, indented further. Terms Definitions Definition Lists follow the same basic rules as Bulleted and Numbered lists. The differences are described below. ➙Apply a definition list structure: 1 Place the insertion cursor where you want the Definition list to begin. Select text ■ Or, you can select text you want and use the to turn into an Definition list. “Definition” list style to Terms and Definitions must be format as a series of terms on separate lines. The Term item and indented definitions. must be first, then the Definition line. 2 ➙ Definition List Format List Choose from the menu. (If you selected text before choosing this menu item, the first paragraph becomes a Term, the second a Defini- tion, and so on until the last paragraph in the selection.) 3 Type text for the first Term. Press Enter (or Return) at the end of a Term to create a Definition line. 4 Press Enter (or Return) at the end of a Definition to create a new Term line. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 78 Creating Text and Lists Lists ➙Change the relative positions of term and definition lines: 1 Place the cursor within or highlight the Term or Definition you want to change. 2 ➙ Term Definition Format List Choose or from the menu. ■ If you placed the insertion cursor within a line or at the beginning of a line, all the text to the right of the cursor moves down one line and changes to a Term or Definition (depending on which you choose). There is still a line for the term or definition where your cursor started, even if your cursor was at the beginning of the line. Placing the cursor in a line and pressing the Enter (or Return) key has the same effect as placing the cursor in a line and selecting the opposite line type from ➙ the Format List menu. Put your cursor here 6 and choose C ➙ ➙ Format List Definition (or press Enter). r eat ing ➙ ➙ Te Format List Term ■ You can choose when the cursor is in a Term line to create ➙ ➙ xt and Format List Definition two Terms in a row. Likewise, you can choose when the cursor is in a Definition line to create two Definitions in a row. Put your cursor here and choose List ➙ ➙ Format List Term. s ■ If you highlight the entire term or definition line, that line slides left or right to become a Term or Definition (depending on which you choose) without moving down a line or affecting any other lines. Highlight a Term and choose ➙ ➙ Format List Definition. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 79 Creating Text and Lists Lists Nested Lists At any point in a list you can create a sub-list, which is indented from the current item. Bulleted list Numbered list Bulleted list Definition list Numbered list Bulleted list There is no limit to the number of nested list layers and the kinds of primary and nested lists that can be mixed. Nested lists can carry markers that are different from the primary lists that contain them. These markers may not look the same to all browsers. As with all Lists, the nested sub-list is itself a distinct list that adheres to basic list rules. See the list rules above to understand how nested lists work. ➙To nest an existing list item(s): 1 Select the item(s) you want to nest. 2 ➙ Format List Choose the list structure you want to use from the menu. 3 Continue the nested list by pressing Enter (or Return) at the end of the nested list. There are two results, depending on how you select the item in step 1. Placing the Placing the cursor in the item line shifts everything to its right cursor in the to a new indented line. Everything to the left of the cursor item line: remains in the original item position in the primary list. This is true even if the cursor rests to the left of all text in the line. Selecting the Selecting the entire line moves the entire item line to a nested entire line: position and erases the original item position. User’s Guide to AOLpress 2.0 80 Creating Text and Lists Removing formats ➙Nest a new list with typed or pasted items: 1 Place the cursor at the end of the item line you would like to nest below. 2 ➙ Format List Choose the desired list structure from the menu 3 Paste Type or new items, as many as you want. ➙Show and hide list borders: To help show the structure a nested list, you can add border lines above and below lists. ➙ ■ Choose Format Show Border. The lines you see are not part of the page. They are shown only to help you edit the page and are only shown in AOLpress. (This also adds borders around tables with hidden borders and forms. ➙ ■ Format Hide Border To hide the borders, choose . Removing formats 6 C r You can remove type styles and paragraph structures, leaving the text in a plain format. eat ➙ ing Use Edit Undo if you want to correct a recent formatting choice. ➙Remove all type styles from a selection: Te 1 Select the characters you want to change back to plain text. xt and 2 ➙ ➙ Format Type Style Plain Choose . ➙Change a heading into a normal paragraph: List 1 Place the cursor in the heading you want to change to plain text. s 2 ➙ Format Remove Heading Format Choose . ➙Remove Block Quotes, Preformatted text, or Address signatures: 1 Place the cursor in the paragraph you want to affect. 2 ➙ Format Remove Paragraph Format Choose . ➙Remove a list structure: 1 Place the cursor anywhere in the list 2 ➙ Format Remove List Format Choose . You cannot remove the format of more than one list level at a time. Do-It-Yourself Publishing for the Web 81 Creating Text and Lists Learning more... Learning more... Help Tutorial To practice creating text and lists in the online tutorial, choose ➙ . Scroll to the bottom of the first page and click on the “TOC” icon. You’ll see a list of the lessons in the tutorial. Then, click on the “Creating Text” link or the “Creating Lists” link. Advanced HTML for text and lists If you want to edit the HTML for your pages directly, see Chapter 12 to learn how. Once you are comfortable adding finishing touches to your pages by editing HTML code, you can add the following features to your text and lists: ♦ Change the font: You can specify a different font for text. For example, this code displays text in the first font in the list found on the reader’s computer. text ♦ Change the list bullet: You can use a different list bullet for unnumbered lists by starting the list with any of the following tags: